Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 98: 1619-1625, 2005. First published January 7, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01310.2004
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Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors following 24 wk of moderate- or high-intensity exercise of equal energy cost

Gary O'Donovan,1 Andrew Owen,1,2 Steve R. Bird,3 Edward M. Kearney,1,4 Alan M. Nevill,5 David W. Jones,6 and Kate Woolf-May1

1Department of Sport Science, Tourism and Leisure, Canterbury Christ Church University College, Canterbury, United Kingdom; 2Cardiology Department, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canturbury, United Kingdom; 3Centre for Population Health in the West, Sunshine Hospital and Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia; 4Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom; 5School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom; and 6Kent Haemophilia Centre, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, United Kingdom

Submitted 22 November 2004 ; accepted in final form 5 January 2005

This study was designed to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors. Maximum oxygen consumption (O2 max), lipid, lipoprotein, and fibrinogen concentrations were measured in 64 previously sedentary men before random allocation to a nonexercise control group, a moderate-intensity exercise group (three 400-kcal sessions per week at 60% of O2 max), or a high-intensity exercise group (three 400-kcal sessions per week at 80% of O2 max). Subjects were instructed to maintain their normal dietary habits, and training heart rates were represcribed after monthly fitness tests. Forty-two men finished the study. After 24 wk, O2 max increased by 0.38 ± 0.14 l/min in the moderate-intensity group and by 0.55 ± 0.27 l/min in the high-intensity group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance identified a significant interaction between monthly O2 max score and exercise group (F = 3.37, P < 0.05), indicating that O2 max responded differently to moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Trend analysis showed that total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fibrinogen concentrations changed favorably across control, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity groups. However, significant changes in total cholesterol (–0.55 ± 0.81 mmol/l), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–0.52 ± 0.80 mmol/l), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–0.54 ± 0.86 mmol/l) were only observed in the high-intensity group (all P < 0.05 vs. controls). These data suggest that high-intensity training is more effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness than moderate-intensity training of equal energy cost. These data also suggest that changes in coronary heart disease risk factors are influenced by exercise intensity.

training; lipids; lipoproteins; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; fibrinogen


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: G. O'Donovan, Dept. of Sport Science, Tourism and Leisure, Canterbury Christ Church University College, North Holmes Rd., Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK (E-mail: godonovan{at}blueyonder.co.uk)




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