Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 97: 1946-1953, 2004. First published July 16, 2004; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01282.2003
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Reduction in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine by the application of RF energy in dogs

Christopher J. Danek,1 Charles M. Lombard,2 Donald L. Dungworth,3 P. Gerard Cox,4 John D. Miller,4 Michael J. Biggs,5 Thomas M. Keast,5 Bryan E. Loomas,5 William J. Wizeman,1 James C. Hogg,6 and Alan R. Leff7

1Asthmatx, 5Broncus Technologies, Mountain View 94043; 2Department of Pathology, Stanford University-El Camino Hospital, Mountain View 94040; 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616; 4St. Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton L8N 4A6; 6St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6Z 1Y6; and 7Departments of Medicine and Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Submitted 1 December 2003 ; accepted in final form 6 July 2004

We delivered controlled radio frequency energy to the airways of anesthetized, ventilated dogs to examine the effect of this treatment on reducing airway narrowing caused by a known airway constrictor. The airways of 11 dogs were treated with a specially designed bronchial catheter in three of four lung regions. Treatments in each of the three treated lung regions were controlled to a different temperature (55, 65, and 75°C); the untreated lung region served as a control. We measured airway responsiveness to local methacholine chloride (MCh) challenge before and after treatment and examined posttreatment histology to 3 yr. Treatments controlled to 65°C as well as 75°C persistently and significantly reduced airway responsiveness to local MCh challenge (P ≤ 0.022). Airway responsiveness (mean percent decrease in airway diameter after MCh challenge) averaged from 6 mo to 3 yr posttreatment was 79 ± 2.2% in control airways vs. 39 ± 2.6% (P ≤ 0.001) for airways treated at 65°C, and 26 ± 2.7% (P ≤ 0.001) for airways treated at 75°C. Treatment effects were confined to the airway wall and the immediate peribronchial region on histological examination. Airway responsiveness to local MCh challenge was inversely correlated to the extent of altered airway smooth muscle observed in histology (r = –0.54, P < 0.001). We conclude that the temperature-controlled application of radio frequency energy to the airways can reduce airway responsiveness to MCh for at least 3 yr in dogs by reducing airway smooth muscle contractility.

asthma; bronchoscopic procedures; airway smooth muscle; bronchial hyperreactivity; bronchial thermoplasty; radio frequency


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. J. Danek, Asthmatx, 1340 Space Pkwy., Mountain View, CA 94043 (E-mail: cdanek{at}asthmatx.com).




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