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J Appl Physiol 96: 517-525, 2004. First published September 26, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00799.2003
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Effects of live high, train low hypoxic exposure on lactate metabolism in trained humans

Sally A. Clark,1 Robert J. Aughey,2 Christopher J. Gore,3 Allan G. Hahn,3 Nathan E. Townsend,4 Tahnee A. Kinsman,4 Chin-Moi Chow,4 Michael J. McKenna,2 and John A. Hawley1

1Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria 3083; 2Muscle Ions and Exercise Group, School of Human Movement, Recreation and Performance, Centre for Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sports Science, Victoria University of Technology, Victoria 3011; 3Australian Institute of Sport, ACT 2616; 4School of Exercise and Sports Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia

Submitted 30 July 2003 ; accepted in final form 23 September 2003

We determined the effect of 20 nights of live high, train low (LHTL) hypoxic exposure on lactate kinetics, monocarboxylate lactate transporter proteins (MCT1 and MCT4), and muscle in vitro buffering capacity ({beta}m) in 29 well-trained cyclists and triathletes. Subjects were divided into one of three groups: 20 consecutive nights of hypoxic exposure (LHTLc), 20 nights of intermittent hypoxic exposure [four 5-night blocks of hypoxia, each interspersed with 2 nights of normoxia (LHTLi)], or control (Con). Rates of lactate appearance (Ra), disappearance (Rd), and oxidation (Rox) were determined from a primed, continuous infusion of L-[U-14C]lactic acid tracer during 90 min of steady-state exercise [60 min at 65% peak O2 uptake (O2 peak) followed by 30 min at 85% O2 peak]. A resting muscle biopsy was taken before and after 20 nights of LHTL for the determination of {beta}m and MCT1 and MCT4 protein abundance. Ra during the first 60 min of exercise was not different between groups. During the last 25 min of exercise at 85% O2 peak, Ra was higher compared with exercise at 65% of O2 peak and was decreased in LHTLc (P < 0.05) compared with the other groups. Rd followed a similar pattern to Ra. Although Rox was significantly increased during exercise at 85% compared with 65% of O2 peak, there were no differences between the three groups or across trials. There was no effect of hypoxic exposure on {beta}m or MCT1 and MCT4 protein abundance. We conclude that 20 consecutive nights of hypoxia exposure decreased whole body Ra during intense exercise in well-trained athletes. However, muscle markers of lactate metabolism and pH regulation were unchanged by the LHTL intervention.

lactate tracer; monocarboxylate transporters; muscle buffering


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. A. Hawley, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT Univ., PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia (E-mail: john.hawley{at}rmit.edu.au).




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