HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free All Versions of this Article: 95/5/2128    most recent 00596.2003v1 Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (17) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Finni, T. Articles by Sinha, S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Finni, T. Articles by Sinha, S.

Mapping of movement in the isometrically contracting human soleus muscle reveals details of its structural and functional complexity

Departments of ¹Radiological and ²Physiological Sciences, and ³Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095

Submitted 10 June 2003 ; accepted in final form 7 July 2003

ABSTRACT

It is becoming increasingly apparent that precise knowledge of the anatomic features of muscle, aponeurosis, and tendons is necessary for understanding how a muscle-tendon complex generates force and accomplishes length changes. This report presents both anatomic and functional data from the human soleus muscle acquired by using magnetic resonance imaging. The results show a strong relationship between the complex three-dimensional structure of the muscle-tendon system and the intramuscular distribution of tissue velocities during in vivo isometric contractions. The proximal region of the muscle is unipennate, whereas the midregion has a radially bipennate hemicylindrical structure, and the distal region is quadripennate. Tissue velocity mapping shows that the highest velocity regions overlay the aponeuroses connected to the Achilles tendon. These are located on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the muscle. The lowest velocities overlay the aponeuroses connected to the origin of the muscle and are generally located intramuscularly.

structure-function relationships; modeling; compartmentalization; biomechanics

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. E. Higham and A. A. Biewener Integration within and between muscles during terrestrial locomotion: effects of incline and speed J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2008; 211(14): 2303 - 2316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Finni, M. Havu, S. Sinha, J.-P. Usenius, and S. Cheng Mechanical behavior of the quadriceps femoris muscle tendon unit during low-load contractions J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1320 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Lansdown, Z. Ding, M. Wadington, J. L. Hornberger, and B. M. Damon Quantitative diffusion tensor MRI-based fiber tracking of human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2007; 103(2): 673 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. L Segal Use of Imaging to Assess Normal and Adaptive Muscle Function Physical Therapy, June 1, 2007; 87(6): 704 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H.-D. Lee, T. Finni, J. A. Hodgson, A. M. Lai, V. R. Edgerton, and S. Sinha Soleus aponeurosis strain distribution following chronic unloading in humans: an in vivo MR phase-contrast study J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 2004 - 2011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Bojsen-Moller, P. Hansen, P. Aagaard, U. Svantesson, M. Kjaer, and S. P. Magnusson Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2004; 97(5): 1908 - 1914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]