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Effects of high-cholesterol diet and parallel exercise training on the vascular function of rabbit aortas: a time course study

Department of Physiology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan

Submitted 18 March 2003 ; accepted in final form 14 May 2003

It is plausible to assume that exercise training, when applied early enough, can completely correct atherosclerotic defects. Using rabbit aortic specimens, we examined the effects of chronic exercise and high-cholesterol diet feeding on vascular function for different time periods. Male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups: the normal diet groups with or without exercise training and the high-cholesterol diet groups with or without exercise training. Animals in high-cholesterol diet groups were fed 2% cholesterol rabbit chow for 2, 4, or 6 wk. Those in exercise training groups ran on a treadmill at 0.88 km/h for up to 40 min/day, 5 days/wk for the same period of time as the diet feeding. Thoracic aortas were isolated for functional and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that 1) although high-cholesterol diet feeding (2 wk) elevated serum cholesterol levels and impaired acetylcholine-evoked vasorelaxation, only the latter effect was reversed by exercise training; 2) the effects of diet and exercise on acetylcholine-evoked vasorelaxation were mainly due to altered release of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor; and 3) diet feeding for 4 or 6 wk caused significant lipid deposition and expression of P-selectin, VCAM-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which were largely reduced by exercise training. In conclusion, parallel exercise training almost completely reverses the early-stage endothelial dysfunction caused by high-cholesterol diet feeding.

endothelium; acetylcholine; adhesion molecules; inflammation; nitric oxide synthase

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