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Wheel-running exercise alters rat diaphragm action potentials and their regulation by K⁺ channels

Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

Submitted 31 July 2002 ; accepted in final form 10 April 2003

Endurance exercise modifies regulatory systems that control skeletal muscle Na⁺ and K⁺ fluxes, in particular Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase-mediated transport of these ions. Na⁺ and K⁺ ion channels also play important roles in the regulation of ionic movements, specifically mediating Na⁺ influx and K⁺ efflux that occur during contractions resulting from action potential depolarization and repolarization. Whether exercise alters skeletal muscle electrophysiological properties controlled by these ion channels is unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that endurance exercise modifies diaphragm action potential properties. Exercised rats spent 8 wk with free access to running wheels, and they were compared with sedentary rats living in conventional rodent housing. Diaphragm muscle was subsequently removed under anesthesia and studied in vitro. Resting membrane potential was not affected by endurance exercise. Muscle from exercised rats had a slower rate of action potential repolarization than that of sedentary animals (P = 0.0098), whereas rate of depolarization was similar in the two groups. The K⁺ channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyridine slowed action potential repolarization and increased action potential area of both exercised and sedentary muscle. However, these effects were significantly smaller in diaphragm from exercised than sedentary rats. These data indicate that voluntary running slows diaphragm action potential repolarization, most likely by modulating K⁺ channel number or function.

muscle; endurance exercise; resting membrane potential; running