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J Appl Physiol 95: 129-137, 2003. First published March 14, 2003; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01186.2002
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Relationship between middle cerebral artery blood velocity and end-tidal PCO2 in the hypocapnic-hypercapnic range in humans

Kojiro Ide,1 Michael Eliasziw,2,3 and Marc J. Poulin1,2,4

1Departments of Physiology and Biophysics,2 Clinical Neurosciences, and3 Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and4 Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1

Submitted 23 December 2002 ; accepted in final form 12 March 2003

This study examined the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) in humans. We used transcranial Doppler ultrasound to determine middle cerebral artery peak blood velocity responses to 14 levels of PETCO2 in a range of 22 to 50 Torr with a constant end-tidal PO2 (100 Torr) in eight subjects. PETCO2 and end-tidal PO2 were controlled by using the technique of dynamic end-tidal forcing combined with controlled hyperventilation. Two protocols were conducted in which PETCO2 was changed by 2 Torr every 2 min from hypocapnia to hypercapnia (protocol I) and vice-versa (protocol D). Over the range of PETCO2 studied, the sensitivity of peak blood velocity to changes in PETCO2 (CBF-PETCO2 sensitivity) was nonlinear with a greater sensitivity in hypercapnia (4.7 and 4.0%/Torr, protocols I and D, respectively) compared with hypocapnia (2.5 and 2.2%/Torr). Furthermore, there was evidence of hysteresis in the CBF-PETCO2 sensitivity; for a given PETCO2, there was greater sensitivity during protocol I compared with protocol D. In conclusion, CBF-PETCO2 sensitivity varies depending on the level of PETCO2 and the protocol that is used. The mechanisms underlying these responses require further investigation.

cerebral blood flow; hyperventilation


Address for correspondence: M. J. Poulin, Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Heritage Medical Research Bldg. Rm. 212, Univ. of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1 (E-mail: poulin{at}ucalgary.ca).




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