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Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52241
To determine regional pulmonary
microvascular mean transit times (MTTs), we used
electrocardiogram-gated X-ray computed tomographic imaging to follow
bolus radiopaque contrast material through the lungs in anesthetized
animals (7 dogs and 1 pig, prone and supine). By
deconvolution/reconvolution of regional time-attenuation curves obtained from parenchyma and large lobar arteries, we estimated the
microvascular residue function and reconstituted the regional microvascular time-attenuation curves and, thus, regional microvascular MTTs. The mean microvascular MTTs in the supine and prone postures were
3.94 ± 1.0 and 3.40 ± 0.84 (mean ± SD), respectively.
The dependent-nondependent vertical gradient of MTT was greater in the
supine [slope = 0.25 ± 0.10 (SD), P < 0.001 by t-test] than in the prone (
0.03 ± 0.06 in
6 of 8 animals; 2 outliers had positive slopes) posture. In both
postures, there was a trend toward faster transit times in the
dorsal-basal lung region in six of the eight animals, suggesting
gravity-independent higher vascular conductance dorsocaudally. We
conclude that deconvolution methods, in association with
electrocardiogram-gated high-speed X-ray computed tomography, can
provide insights into regional heterogeneity of pulmonary microvascular
MTT in vivo.
capillary mean transit times; pulmonary blood flow; pulmonary imaging; computed tomography; regional perfusion; physiological imaging; electron beam computed tomography; multidetector computed tomography; lung; pulmonary physiology; deconvolution; quantitative computed tomography
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