Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 93: 2122-2128, 2002. First published September 6, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00676.2002
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Vol. 93, Issue 6, 2122-2128, December 2002

Theoretical analysis of effects of blood substitute affinity and cooperativity on organ oxygen transport

Mahendra Kavdia1, Roland N. Pittman2, and Aleksander S. Popel1

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and 2 Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298

Hemoglobin-based O2 carriers (HBOCs), which are developed as an alternative to blood transfusion, provide O2 delivery. At present, there is no model to predict the O2 transport for a red blood cell-HBOC mixture on a whole organ basis. On the basis of the first principles of mass balance, a model of O2 transport for an organ was derived to calculate venous PO2 (PvO2) for a given inlet arterial PO2 (PaO2), blood flow, and oxygen consumption. The model was validated by using several in vivo animal studies on HBOC administration for a wide range of HBOC oxygen-binding parameters and predicted PvO2 for various PaO2 in the same species. The model was also used to predict the effect of HBOC affinity and cooperativity on PvO2 for humans. The results indicate that PvO2 can be increased at a constant blood flow-to-oxygen consumption ratio by reducing the affinity of HBOC for normoxia and mild hypoxia; however, a high-affinity HBOC would be more efficient in maintaining higher PvO2 for severe hypoxia (PaO2 < 40 Torr).

hemoglobin based oxygen carrier; oxygen affinity; exchange transfusion; partial pressure of oxygen at 50% hemoglobin saturation; oxygen dissociation curve; cat; hamster


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