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J Appl Physiol 93: 1939-1946, 2002. First published August 23, 2002; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00544.2002
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Vol. 93, Issue 6, 1939-1946, December 2002

Stent implantation alters coronary artery hemodynamics and wall shear stress during maximal vasodilation

John F. LaDisa Jr.1,2, Douglas A. Hettrick1,2, Lars E. Olson2, Ismail Guler3, Eric R. Gross1, Tobias T. Kress1, Judy R. Kersten1,4, David C. Warltier1,2,4,5, and Paul S. Pagel1,2,4

1 Departments of Anesthesiology, 5 Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Diseases), and 4 Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee 53226; and 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201; and 3 Boston Scientific-SciMed, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55311

Coronary stents improve resting blood flow and flow reserve in the presence of stenoses, but the impact of these devices on fluid dynamics during profound vasodilation is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that stent implantation affects adenosine-induced alterations in coronary hemodynamics and wall shear stress in anesthetized dogs (n = 6) instrumented for measurement of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) blood flow, velocity, diameter, and radius of curvature. Indexes of fluid dynamics and shear stress were determined before and after placement of a slotted-tube stent in the absence and presence of an adenosine infusion (1.0 mg/min). Adenosine increased blood flow, Reynolds (Re) and Dean numbers (De), and regional and oscillatory shear stress concomitant with reductions in LAD vascular resistance and segmental compliance before stent implantation. Increases in LAD blood flow, Re, De, and indexes of shear stress were observed after stent deployment (P < 0.05). Stent implantation reduced LAD segmental compliance to zero and potentiated increases in segmental and coronary vascular resistance during adenosine. Adenosine-induced increases in coronary blood flow and reserve, Re, De, and regional and oscillatory shear stress were attenuated after the stent was implanted. The results indicate that stent implantation blunts alterations in fluid dynamics during coronary vasodilation in vivo.

slotted-tube endovascular stents; coronary impedance; coronary artery disease


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