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1 Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Luminy, 13009 Marseille; 2 Service de Réanimation Médicale et d'Hyperbarie, Hôpital Salvator, 13274 Marseille; 3 Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pathologie Respiratoire, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, 13385 Marseille; 4 Université Aix-Marseille III, Faculté St. Jérôme, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie, 13397 Marseille; 5 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche Neurobiologie et Mouvement, 13402 Marseille; and 6 Comex, Direction Scientifique, 13275 Marseille, France
Decompression sickness in
diving is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on
several factors, such as decompression rate and individual
susceptibility. The Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating
venous bubbles after diving is considered a useful index for the safety
of decompression because of the relationship between bubbles and
decompression sickness risk. The aim of this study was to
assess the effects of ascent rate, age, maximal oxygen uptake
(
O2 max), and percent body fat on the
production of bubbles after diving. Fifty male recreational divers
performed two dives at 35 m during 25 min and then ascended in one
case at 9 m/min and in the other case at 17 m/min. They performed the same decompression stops in the two cases. Twenty-eight divers were
Doppler monitored at 10-min intervals, until 60 min after surfacing,
and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the
effect of ascent rate on the kinetics of bubbles. Twenty-two divers
were monitored 60 min after surfacing. The effect on bubble production
60 min after surfacing of the four variables was studied in 47 divers.
The data were analyzed by multinomial log-linear model. The analysis
showed that the 17 m/min ascent produced more elevated grades of
bubbles than the 9 m/min ascent (P < 0.05), except at
the 40-min interval, and showed relationships between grades of bubbles
and ascent rate and age and interaction terms between
O2 max and age, as well as
O2 max and percent body fat. Younger,
slimmer, or aerobically fitter divers produced fewer bubbles compared
with older, fatter, or poorly physically fit divers. These findings and
the conclusions of previous studies performed on animals and humans led
us to support that ascent rate, age, aerobic fitness, and adiposity are
factors of susceptibility for bubble formation after diving.
susceptibility; bubble formation; scuba diving
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