Submitted on April 17, 2008
Revised on February 2, 2009
Accepted on February 18, 2009
Ischemic preconditioning affects hexokinase activity and HKII in different subcellular compartments throughout cardiac ischemia-reperfusion
Ebru Gurel1, Kirsten M. Smeele2, Otto Eerbeek3, Anneke Koeman4, Cihan Demirci4, Markus W. Hollmann4, and Coert J. Zuurbier5*
1 University of Istanbul, Turkey
2 Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
3 Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
4 University of Istanbul
5 AMC, University of Amsterdam
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: c.j.zuurbier{at}amc.uva.nl.
The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase (HK) is suggested to play a role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). In the present study we determined how ischemic preconditioning affects HK activity and HKI and HKII protein content at five different time points and three different subcellular fractions throughout cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts (10 groups of 7 hearts each) were subjected to 35 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion (control groups); the IPC groups were pretreated with 3 times 5 min ischemia. IPC was without effect on microsomal HK activity, and only decreased cytosolic HK activity at 35 min ischemia, which was mimicked by decreased cytoslic HKII, but not HKI, protein content. In contrast, mitochondrial HK activity at baseline and during reperfusion was elevated by IPC, without changes during ischemia. No effect of IPC on mitochondrial HK I protein content was observed. However, mitochondrial HK II protein content during reperfusion was augmented by IPC, albeit not following the IPC stimulus. It is concluded that IPC results in decreased cytosolic HK activity during ischemia that could be explained by decreased HKII protein content. IPC increased mitochondrial HK activity before ischemia and during reperfusion that was only mimicked by increased HK II protein content during reperfusion. IPC was without effect on the phosphorylation status of HK before ischemia. We conclude that IPC is associated with 1) a biphasic response of increased mitochondrial HK activity before and after ischemia, 2) decreased cytosolic HK activity during ischemia, and 3) cellular redistribution of HKII, but not HKI.
