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J Appl Physiol 60: 2020-2027, 1986;
8750-7587/86 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 60, Issue 6 2020-2027, Copyright © 1986 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange

W. L. Beaver, K. Wasserman and B. J. Whipp

Excess CO2 is generated when lactate is increased during exercise because its [H+] is buffered primarily by HCO-3 (22 ml for each meq of lactic acid). We developed a method to detect the anaerobic threshold (AT), using computerized regression analysis of the slopes of the CO2 uptake (VCO2) vs. O2 uptake (VO2) plot, which detects the beginning of the excess CO2 output generated from the buffering of [H+], termed the V-slope method. From incremental exercise tests on 10 subjects, the point of excess CO2 output (AT) predicted closely the lactate and HCO-3 thresholds. The mean gas exchange AT was found to correspond to a small increment of lactate above the mathematically defined lactate threshold [0.50 +/- 0.34 (SD) meq/l] and not to differ significantly from the estimated HCO-3 threshold. The mean VO2 at AT computed by the V-slope analysis did not differ significantly from the mean value determined by a panel of six experienced reviewers using traditional visual methods, but the AT could be more reliably determined by the V-slope method. The respiratory compensation point, detected separately by examining the minute ventilation vs. VCO2 plot, was consistently higher than the AT (2.51 +/- 0.42 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.30 l/min of VO2). This method for determining the AT has significant advantages over others that depend on regular breathing pattern and respiratory chemosensitivity.


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R. V. Milani, C. J. Lavie, M. R. Mehra, and H. O. Ventura
Understanding the Basics of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Mayo Clin. Proc., December 1, 2006; 81(12): 1603 - 1611.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. Burnley, J. H. Doust, and A. M. Jones
Time required for the restoration of normal heavy exercise VO2 kinetics following prior heavy exercise
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2006; 101(5): 1320 - 1327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. M. Jones, N. J. A. Berger, D. P. Wilkerson, and C. L. Roberts
Effects of "priming" exercise on pulmonary O2 uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics during heavy-intensity cycle exercise in the supine and upright positions
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2006; 101(5): 1432 - 1441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur J Heart FailHome page
P. Agostoni, M. Contini, A. Magini, A. Apostolo, G. Cattadori, M. Bussotti, F. Veglia, D. Andreini, and P. Palermo
Carvedilol reduces exercise-induced hyperventilation: A benefit in normoxia and a problem with hypoxia
Eur J Heart Fail, November 1, 2006; 8(7): 729 - 735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Age AgeingHome page
F. Giallauria, R. Lucci, A. De Lorenzo, M. D'Agostino, D. Del Forno, and C. Vigorito
Favourable effects of exercise training on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction
Age Ageing, November 1, 2006; 35(6): 601 - 607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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N. J. A. Berger, I. T. Campbell, D. P. Wilkerson, and A. M. Jones
Influence of acute plasma volume expansion on VO2 kinetics, VO2peak, and performance during high-intensity cycle exercise
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2006; 101(3): 707 - 714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
P. A. McCullough, M. J. Gallagher, A. T. deJong, K. R. Sandberg, J. E. Trivax, D. Alexander, G. Kasturi, S. M. A. Jafri, K. R. Krause, D. L. Chengelis, et al.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Short-term Complications After Bariatric Surgery.
Chest, August 1, 2006; 130(2): 517 - 525.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Orio Jr., F. Giallauria, S. Palomba, T. Cascella, F. Manguso, L. Vuolo, T. Russo, A. Tolino, G. Lombardi, A. Colao, et al.
Cardiopulmonary Impairment in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2006; 91(8): 2967 - 2971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
F. Giallauria, R. Lucci, M. Pietrosante, G. Gargiulo, A. De Lorenzo, M. D'Agostino, G. Gerundo, P. Abete, F. Rengo, and C. Vigorito
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves heart rate recovery in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2006; 61(7): 713 - 717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 HeartHome page
J-P Schmid, M Noveanu, R Gaillet, G Hellige, A Wahl, and H Saner
Safety and exercise tolerance of acute high altitude exposure (3454 m) among patients with coronary artery disease
Heart, July 1, 2006; 92(7): 921 - 925.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. Elmariah, L. R. Goldberg, M. T. Allen, and A. Kao
Effects of Gender on Peak Oxygen Consumption and the Timing of Cardiac Transplantation
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 6, 2006; 47(11): 2237 - 2242.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Galassetti, D. Tate, R. A. Neill, A. Richardson, S.-Y. Leu, and S. N. Davis
Effect of differing antecedent hypoglycemia on counterregulatory responses to exercise in type 1 diabetes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1109 - E1117.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. Kindermann, B. Hennen, J. Jung, J. Geisel, M. Bohm, and G. Frohlig
Biventricular Versus Conventional Right Ventricular Stimulation for Patients With Standard Pacing Indication and Left Ventricular Dysfunction: The Homburg Biventricular Pacing Evaluation (HOBIPACE)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 16, 2006; 47(10): 1927 - 1937.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
L. Coats, S. Khambadkone, G. Derrick, S. Sridharan, S. Schievano, B. Mist, R. Jones, J. E. Deanfield, D. Pellerin, P. Bonhoeffer, et al.
Physiological and Clinical Consequences of Relief of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Late After Repair of Congenital Heart Defects
Circulation, May 2, 2006; 113(17): 2037 - 2044.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Endocr. Rev.Home page
L. J. Woodhouse, A. Mukherjee, S. M. Shalet, and S. Ezzat
The Influence of Growth Hormone Status on Physical Impairments, Functional Limitations, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2006; 27(3): 287 - 317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Exp PhysiolHome page
M. Burnley, C. L. Roberts, R. Thatcher, J. H. Doust, and A. M. Jones
Influence of blood donation on O2 uptake on-kinetics, peak O2 uptake and time to exhaustion during severe-intensity cycle exercise in humans
Exp Physiol, May 1, 2006; 91(3): 499 - 509.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Exp PhysiolHome page
T. Barker, D. C. Poole, M. L. Noble, and T. J. Barstow
Human critical power-oxygen uptake relationship at different pedalling frequencies
Exp Physiol, May 1, 2006; 91(3): 621 - 632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
S. M. Paridon, B. S. Alpert, S. R. Boas, M. E. Cabrera, L. L. Caldarera, S. R. Daniels, T. R. Kimball, T. K. Knilans, P. A. Nixon, J. Rhodes, et al.
Clinical Stress Testing in the Pediatric Age Group: A Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth
Circulation, April 18, 2006; 113(15): 1905 - 1920.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
P. Laveneziana, P. Lotti, C. Coli, B. Binazzi, L. Chiti, L. Stendardi, R. Duranti, and G. Scano
Mechanisms of dyspnoea and its language in patients with asthma.
Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2006; 27(4): 742 - 747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. P. Dufour, E. Ponsot, J. Zoll, S. Doutreleau, E. Lonsdorfer-Wolf, B. Geny, E. Lampert, M. Fluck, H. Hoppeler, V. Billat, et al.
Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. I. Improvement in aerobic performance capacity
J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2006; 100(4): 1238 - 1248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. Zoll, E. Ponsot, S. Dufour, S. Doutreleau, R. Ventura-Clapier, M. Vogt, H. Hoppeler, R. Richard, and M. Fluck
Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. III. Muscular adjustments of selected gene transcripts
J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2006; 100(4): 1258 - 1266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 HeartHome page
K K A Witte, J G F Cleland, and A L Clark
Chronic heart failure, chronotropic incompetence, and the effects of {beta} blockade
Heart, April 1, 2006; 92(4): 481 - 486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur J Heart FailHome page
L. Ingle, K. Goode, A.S.R. Rigby, J.G.F. Cleland, and A.L. Clark
Predicting peak oxygen uptake from 6-min walk test performance in male patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Eur J Heart Fail, March 1, 2006; 8(2): 198 - 202.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EuropaceHome page
A. Goette, K. Jentsch-Ullrich, M. Hammwohner, S. Trautmann, A. Franke, H. U. Klein, and A. Auricchio
Cardiac uptake of progenitor cells in patients with moderate-to-severe left ventricular failure scheduled for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Europace, March 1, 2006; 8(3): 157 - 160.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
U. Corra, M. Pistono, A. Mezzani, A. Braghiroli, A. Giordano, P. Lanfranchi, E. Bosimini, M. Gnemmi, and P. Giannuzzi
Sleep and Exertional Periodic Breathing in Chronic Heart Failure: Prognostic Importance and Interdependence
Circulation, January 3, 2006; 113(1): 44 - 50.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Br. J. Sports. Med.Home page
M Chaouachi, A Chaouachi, K Chamari, M Chtara, Y Feki, M Amri, and F Trudeau
Effects of dominant somatotype on aerobic capacity trainability
Br. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2005; 39(12): 954 - 959.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
J. G. Regensteiner, T. A. Bauer, and J. E.B. Reusch
Rosiglitazone Improves Exercise Capacity in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2005; 28(12): 2877 - 2883.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur J Heart FailHome page
R. Wensel, D. P. Francis, P. Georgiadou, A. Scott, S. Genth-Zotz, S. D. Anker, A. J.S. Coats, and M. F. Piepoli
Exercise hyperventilation in chronic heart failure is not caused by systemic lactic acidosis
Eur J Heart Fail, December 1, 2005; 7(7): 1105 - 1111.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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