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J Appl Physiol 107: 1318-1327, 2009. First published June 25, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00426.2009
8750-7587/09 $8.00
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HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC
The Role of Clock Genes in Cardiometabolic Disease

Diurnal physiology: core principles with application to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of myocardial hypertrophy and failure

Michael J. Sole1 and Tami A. Martino2

1Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Heart and Stroke, Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto; and ; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Submitted 22 April 2009 ; accepted in final form 24 June 2009

The circadian system has been shown to be fundamentally important in human health and disease. Recently, there have been major advances in our understanding of daily rhythmicity, and its relevance to human physiology, and to the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovascular tissues, such as heart and blood vessels, show remarkable daily variation in gene expression, metabolism, growth, and remodeling. Moreover, synchrony of daily molecular and physiological rhythms is integral to healthy organ growth and renewal. Disruption of these rhythms adversely affects normal growth, also the remodeling mechanisms in disease, leading to gross abnormalities in heart and vessels. These observations provide new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart disease. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in circadian biology and cardiovascular function, with particular emphasis on how this applies to human myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure, and the implications and importance for translational medicine.

circadian; clock; chronobiology; cardiomyopathy; cardiac remodeling; cardiovascular


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. J. Sole, 4N-488 Toronto General Hospital, 585 Univ. Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G2N2. (e-mail: michael.sole{at}uhn.on.ca).






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