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WISE 2005: stroke volume changes contribute to the pressor response during ischemic handgrip exercise in women

¹School of Kinesiology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario; ²School of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and ³Unite de Médecine et Physiologie Spatiale, Département de Médecine Nucléaire and Ultrasons, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires Trousseau, Université de Tours, Trousseau, France

Submitted 23 November 2006 ; accepted in final form 28 March 2007

The mechanism of the pressor response to small muscle mass (e.g., forearm) exercise and during metaboreflex activation may include elevations in cardiac output () or total peripheral resistance (TPR). Increases in must be supported by reductions in visceral venous volume to sustain venous return as heart rate (HR) increases. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that increases in , supported by reductions in splanchnic volume (portal vein constriction), explain the pressor response during handgrip exercise and metaboreflex activation. Seventeen healthy women performed 2 min of static ischemic handgrip exercise and 2 min of postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) while HR, stroke volume and superficial femoral artery flow (Doppler), blood pressure (Finometer), portal vein diameter (ultrasound imaging), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) were measured followed by the calculation of , TPR, and leg vascular resistance (LVR). Compared with baseline, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (P < 0.001) and (P < 0.001) both increased in each minute of exercise accompanied by a 5% reduction in portal vein diameter (P < 0.05). MAP remained elevated during PECO, whereas decreased below exercise levels. MSNA was elevated above baseline during the second minute of exercise and through the PECO period (P < 0.05). Neither TPR nor LVR was changed from baseline during exercise and PECO. The data indicate that the majority of the blood pressure response to isometric handgrip exercise in women was due to mobilization of central blood volume and elevated stroke volume and rather than elevations in TVR or LVR resistance.

cardiac output; microneurography; muscle sympathetic nerve activity; metaboreflex

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