Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 102: 294-305, 2007. First published September 14, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00665.2006
8750-7587/07 $8.00
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Interaction of epithelium with mesenchyme affects global features of lung architecture: a computer model of development

Seth Tebockhorst,1,* DongYoub Lee,1,* Anthony S. Wexler,1,2,3 and Michael J. Oldham4

Departments of 1Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, 2Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis; and 4Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California

Submitted 12 June 2006 ; accepted in final form 3 September 2006

Lung airway morphogenesis is simulated in a simplified diffusing environment that simulates the mesenchyme to explore the role of morphogens in airway architecture development. Simple rules govern local branching morphogenesis. Morphogen gradients are modeled by four pairs of sources and their diffusion through the mesenchyme. Sensitivity to lobar architecture and mesenchymal morphogen are explored. Even if the model accurately represents observed patterns of local development, it could not produce realistic global patterns of lung architecture if interaction with its environment was not taken into account, implying that reciprocal interaction between airway growth and morphogens in the mesenchyme plays a critical role in producing realistic global features of lung architecture.

airway development; promoter signaling


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. Lee, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, One Shields Ave., Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616 (E-mail: dolee{at}ucdavis.edu)






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