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1Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool; 2School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; 3Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals of South Manchester, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
Submitted 17 January 2006 ; accepted in final form 16 March 2006
The exercise-induced expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in rodent models is relatively well defined. In contrast, comparable data from human studies are limited and the exercise-induced stress response of human skeletal muscle is far from understood. This study has characterized the time course and magnitude of the HSP response in the skeletal muscles of a healthy active, but untrained, young male population following a running exercise protocol. Eight subjects performed 45 min of treadmill running at a speed corresponding to their lactate threshold (11.7 ± 0.5 km/h; 69.8 ± 4.8% maximum O2 uptake). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle immediately before and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days postexercise. Exercise induced a significant (P < 0.05) but variable increase in HSP70, heat shock cognate (HSC) 70, and HSP60 expression with peak increases (typically occurring at 48 h postexercise) to 210, 170, and 139% of preexercise levels, respectively. In contrast, exercise did not induce a significant increase in either HSP27, 
B-crystallin, SOD 2 (MnSOD) protein content, or the activity of SOD and catalase. When examining baseline protein levels, HSC70, HSP27, and B-crystallin appeared consistently expressed between subjects, whereas HSP70 and MnSOD displayed marked individual variation of up to 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. These data are the first to define the time course and extent of HSP production in human skeletal muscle following a moderately demanding and nondamaging running exercise protocol. Data demonstrate a differential effect of aerobic exercise on specific HSPs.
chaperones; oxidative stress; hyperthermia; muscle temperature
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