Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (April 13, 2006). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01595.2005
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Submitted on December 19, 2005
Accepted on March 30, 2006

Single Muscle Fiber Adaptations With Marathon Training

Scott W. Trappe1*, Matthew Harber1, Andrew Creer1, Philip Gallagher1, Dustin Slivka1, Kiril Minchev1, and David Whitsett1

1 Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: strappe{at}bsu.edu.

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the effects of marathon training on single muscle fiber contractile function in a group of recreational runners. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the gastrocnemius muscle of seven individuals (22±1 y; 177±3 cm and 72±4 kg) before, after 13 wks of run training and after 3 wks of taper. Slow-twitch (MHC I) and fast-twitch (MHC IIa) muscle fibers were analyzed for size, strength (Po), speed (Vo) and power. The run training program led to the successful completion of a marathon (range 3h 56min to 5h 35min). Aerobic parameters of oxygen uptake during submaximal running and citrate synthase activity were improved (P<0.05) with the training program. Muscle fiber size declined (P<0.05) ~20% in both fiber types after training. Po was maintained in both fiber types with training and increased (P<0.05) 18% in the MHC IIa fibers after taper. This resulted in >60% increase (P<0.05) in force per cross-sectional area in both fiber types. Fiber Vo increased (P<0.05) 28% in MHC I fibers with training and was unchanged in MHC IIa fibers. Peak power increased (P<0.05) in MHC I and IIa fibers after training with a further increase (P<0.05) in MHC IIa fiber power after taper. These data show that marathon training decreased slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fiber size, but maintained or improved the functional profile of these fibers. A taper period before the marathon further improved the functional profile of the muscle, which was targeted to the fast-twitch muscle fibers.




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