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1 Orthopedics Surgery, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
2 Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
3 Sleep Consultants, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ahargens{at}ucsd.edu.
Astronauts experience spine deconditioning during exposure to microgravity due to the lack of axial loads on the spine. Treadmill exercise in lower body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber provides axial loads on the lumbar spine. We hypothesize that daily supine LBNP exercise helps counteract lumbar spine deconditioning during 28 days of microgravity simulated by bed rest. Twelve sets of healthy, identical twins underwent 6° head down tilt bed rest for 28 days. One subject from each set of twins was randomly assigned to the exercise (EX) group, while their sibling served as a non-exercise control (CON). The EX group exercised in supine posture within a LBNP chamber for 45min/day, six days per week. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging of their lumbar spine before and at the end of bed rest. Lumbar spinal length increased 3.7 ± 0.5mm in the CON group over 28 days bed rest; while in the EX group, lumbar spinal length increased significantly less (2.3 ± 0.4 mm, p=0.01). All lumbar intervertebral disc heights (L5/S1, L4/5, L3/4, L2/3, and L1/2) in the CON group increased significantly over the 28 days bed rest (p<0.05). In the EX group, there were no significant increases in L5/S1 and L4/5 disc heights. Lumbar lordosis decreased significantly by 3.3° ± 1.2° during bed rest in the CON group (p=0.02), but did not decrease significantly in the EX group. Our results suggest that supine LBNP treadmill exercise partially counteracts lumbar spine lengthening and deconditioning associated with simulated microgravity.
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