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1 Department of Sport Science, Tourism and Leisure, Canterbury Christ Church University College, Canterbury, United Kingdom
2 Department of Sport Science, Tourism and Leisure, Canterbury Christ Church University College, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, United Kingdom
3 Centre for Population Health in the West, Sunshine Hospital and Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
4 Department of Sport Science, Tourism and Leisure, Canterbury Christ Church University College, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom
5 School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom
6 Kent Haemophilia Centre, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: godonovan{at}blueyonder.co.uk.
This study was designed to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), lipid, lipoprotein and fibrinogen concentrations were measured in 64 previously sedentary men before random allocation to a non-exercise control group, a moderate-intensity exercise group (three 400-kcal sessions per week at 60% of VO2 max) or a high-intensity exercise group (three 400- kcal sessions per week at 80% of VO2 max). Subjects were instructed to maintain their normal dietary habits and training heart rates were re-prescribed after monthly fitness tests. Forty-two men finished the study. After 24 weeks, VO2 max increased by 0.38±0.14 l.min-1 in the moderate-intensity group and by 0.55±0.27 l.min-1 in the high-intensity group. Repeated measures analysis of variance identified a significant interaction between monthly VO2 max score and exercise group (F=3.37, P<0.05), indicating that VO2 max responded differently to moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Trend analysis showed that total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fibrinogen concentrations changed favourably across control, moderate-intensity and high-intensity groups. However, significant changes in total cholesterol (-0.55±0.81 mmol.l-1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.52±0.80 mmol.l-1) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.54±0.86 mmol.l-1) were only observed in the high-intensity group (all P<0.05 vs. controls). These data suggest that high-intensity training is more effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness than moderate-intensity training of equal energy cost. These data also suggest that changes in coronary heart disease risk factors are influenced by exercise intensity.
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