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1 Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400-NV, Denmark
2 Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400-NV, Denmark; Team Danmark Test Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400-NV, Denmark
3 Department of Radiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400-NV, Denmark
4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400-NV, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cs08{at}bbh.hosp.dk.
The ability to develop muscle force rapidly may be a very important factor to prevent a fall and to perform other tasks of daily life. However, information is still lacking on the range of training induced neuromuscular adaptations in the elderly recovering from a period of disuse. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of three types of training regimes following unilateral prolonged disuse and subsequent hip-replacement surgery on maximal muscle strength, rapid muscle force (Rate of Force Development: RFD), muscle activation and muscle size. Thirty-six subjects (60-86 yrs) were randomized to a 12 week rehabilitation program consisting of either; 1) ST, strength training (3/wk, 12wks), 2) ES, electrical muscle stimulation (1h/day,12wks) or 3) SR, standard rehabilitation (1h/day, 12wks). The non-operated side did not receive any intervention and thereby served as a within-subject control. Thirty subjects completed the trial. In the ST-group, significant increases were observed in maximal isometric muscle strength (24%, p<0.01), contractile RFD (26-45%, p<0.05) and contractile impulse (27-32%, p<0.05). No significant changes were seen in the two other training groups nor in the non-trained legs of all three groups. Mean EMG signal amplitude of vastus lateralis was larger in ST than SR at 5 wks and 12 wks (p<0.05). In contrast to traditional physiotherapy and electrical muscle stimulation, strength training increased muscle mass, maximal isometric strength, RFD and muscle activation in elderly men and women recovering from long-term muscle disuse and subsequent hip-surgery. The improvement in both muscle mass and neural function is likely to have important functional implications for the elderly individual.
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