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J Appl Physiol (July 16, 2004). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01300.2003
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Submitted on December 4, 2003
Accepted on July 8, 2004

Modeling Airway Resistance Dynamics after Tidal and Deep Inspirations

C. William Thorpe1*, Cheryl M Salome2, Norbert Berend2, and Gregory G King2

1 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
2 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: williamt{at}med.usyd.edu.au.

Using the forced oscillation technique we track airway resistance continuously during quiet breathing (QB) and deep inspiration (DI), thus observing fluctuations in resistance that may reflect mechanisms of airway stretch and renarrowing. After DI however, the resistance may be depressed for a period not related to volume changes. We hypothesized that this gradual increase in resistance following DI-induced dilation was determined by a simple time constant. Furthermore, to the extent that this effect reflects dynamic characteristics of airway renarrowing, the resistance change after each tidal inspiration should also be constrained by this temporal limit. A model relating resistance fluctuations to the breathing pattern, including both instantaneous and delayed effects, was developed and applied to data from 14 non-asthmatic and 17 asthmatic subjects (respectively mean±SD FEV1 103±13 and 83±12%predicted) following methacholine challenge (dose 145±80 and 3.0±3.4umol respectively) that resulted in respective FEV1 reductions of 16±7% and 24±6% from baseline. Resistance was measured continuously for one minute of quiet breathing, a deep inspiration, followed by a further minute of quiet breathing. Resistance values at end expiration (Ree) and end inspiration (Rei) were calculated. We found that the sequence of Ree following DI was best modeled by a power-law function of time rather than an exponential decay (r2=0.82±0.18 compared to 0.63±0.16, p<.01). Furthermore, the coefficient characterizing this "renarrowing function" was close to equal to the coefficient characterizing the equivalent function of resistance change between each Rei and subsequent Ree during quiet breathing, particularly in the non-asthmatics for which the intra-class correlation was 0.66. This suggests that the same time-dependent factors determine renarrowing after both large and small breaths.




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