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J Appl Physiol (June 28, 2007). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01281.2006
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Submitted on November 13, 2006
Accepted on June 23, 2007

Cardiac output, and leg and arm blood flow during incremental exercise to exhaustion on the cycle ergometer

Jose A. Lopez Calbet1*, Jose Gonzalez-Alonso2, Jorn Wulff Helge3, Hans Sondergaard4, Thor Munch-Andersen4, Robert Boushel5, and Bengt Saltin6

1 Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
2 School of Sport & Education, Centre for Sports Medicine & Human Performance, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom; The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
3 Medical Physiological Department, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
4 The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
5 Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
6 Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Copenhagen N, Denmark

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lopezcalbet{at}terra.es.

To determine haemodynamic responses to upright leg cycling exercise, nine males underwent measurements of arterial blood pressure and gases, as well as femoral and subclavian vein blood flows and gases during incremental exercise to exhaustion (Wmax). Cardiac output (CO) and leg blood flow (BF) increased in parallel with exercise intensity. In contrast, arm BF remained at 0.8 l.min-1 during submaximal exercise, increasing to 1.2 ±0.2 l.min-1, at maximal exercise (P<0.05), when arm O 2 extraction reached 73 ±3%. The leg received a greater percentage of the CO with exercise intensity, reaching a value close to 70% at 64% of Wmax, which was maintained until exhaustion. The percentage of CO perfusing the trunk decreased with exercise intensity to 21% at Wmax, i.e. to ~ 5.5 l.min-1. For a given local VO 2 leg vascular conductance (VC) was 5-6 fold higher than arm VC, despite marked haemoglobin de-oxygenation in the subclavian vein. At peak exercise arm VC was not significantly different than at rest. Leg VO 2 represented around 84% of the whole body VO 2 at intensities ranging from 38 to 100 % of Wmax. Arm VO 2 contributed between 7 and 10% to the whole body VO 2. From 20 to 100% of Wmax, the trunk VO 2 (including the gluteus muscles) represented between 14-15% of the whole body VO 2. In summary, vasoconstrictor signals efficiently oppose the vasodilatory metabolites in the arms suggesting that during whole body exercise blood flow is differentially regulated in the upper and lower extremities.




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