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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print February 22, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.01243.2001
Submitted on December 19, 2001
Accepted on February 18, 2002
1 Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hamannj{at}mcw.edu.
Little attention has focused on sympathetic influences on skeletal muscle blood flow at the onset of exercise. We hypothesized that 1) the sympathetic nervous system constrains muscle blood flow and 2) the decline from peak blood flow is mediated by increasing sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. Mongrel dogs (n=7) ran on a treadmill following intraarterial infusion of saline (control) or combined 
1 and 2 adrenergic blockade (prazosin and rauwolscine). Immediate and rapid increases in hindlimb blood flow occurred at commencement of exercise with peak iliac blood flows averaging 933±79 and 1227±90 ml/min during control and blockade conditions, respectively. At 1 min of exercise hindlimb blood flow had decreased to 629±54 and 1057±89 ml/min. In the absence of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone there was an enhanced peak blood flow at the onset of exercise. In addition, blockade attenuated the overshoot of hindlimb blood flow when compared to the control condition. These data suggest that an immediate and sustained increase in sympathetic outflow restrains hindlimb blood flow at the onset of exercise and is responsible, at least in part, for an overshoot in blood flow to exercising skeletal muscle.
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