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J Appl Physiol (February 9, 2006). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01220.2005
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Submitted on September 26, 2005
Accepted on February 1, 2006

Effect of Short-Term Sprint Interval Training on Human Skeletal Muscle Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise and Time Trial Performance

Kirsten A. Burgomaster1, George J.F. Heigenhauser2, and Martin J. Gibala1*

1 Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
2 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gibalam{at}mcmaster.ca.

We recently showed that 6 sessions of sprint interval training (SIT) over 2 wks increased muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity (Burgomaster et al., J Appl Physiol 98:1895-1900, 2005). The present study tested the hypothesis that short-term SIT would reduce skeletal muscle glycogenolysis and lactate accumulation during exercise and increase the capacity for pyruvate oxidation via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Eight men (VO2peak = 3.8±0.2 L/min) performed 6 sessions of SIT (4-7x30-s "all out" cycling with 4 min recovery) over 2 wks. Before and after SIT, biopsies (v. lateralis) were obtained at rest and after each stage of a cycling test that consisted of 10 min at ~60% followed by 10 min at ~90% of VO2peak. Subjects also performed a 250 kJ time trial (TT) before and after SIT to assess changes in cycling performance. SIT increased muscle glycogen content by ~50% (main effect, P=0.04) and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (Post: 7.8±0.4 vs Pre: 7.0±0.4 mol.kg protein -1.h-1, P=0.04), but the maximal activity of 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase was unchanged (Post: 5.1±0.7 vs Pre: 4.9±0.6 mol.kg protein -1.h-1, P=0.76). The active form of PDH was higher after training (main effect, P=0.04), and net muscle glycogenolysis (Post: 100±16 vs Pre: 139±11 mmol.kg dry wt., P=0.03) and lactate accumulation (Post: 55±2 vs Pre: 63±1 mmol.kg dry wt., P=0.03) during exercise were reduced. TT performance improved by 9.6% after training (Post: 15.5±0.5 vs Pre: 17.2±1.0 min, P=0.006), and a control group (n=8, VO2peak = 3.9±0.2 L/min) showed no change in performance when tested 2 wks apart without SIT (Post: 18.8±1.2 vs Pre: 18.9±1.2 min; P=0.74). We conclude that short-term SIT improved cycling TT performance and resulted in a closer matching of glycogenolytic flux and pyruvate oxidation during submaximal exercise.




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