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1 Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
2 Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Division of Gerontology and GRECC, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
3 BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
4 Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: benhur{at}umd.edu.
The effects of a 10-wk unilateral knee extension strength training (ST) program on peak power and velocity at given absolute (force load) and relative (same % of 1 RM) resistances (loads) were examined in 30 older men (64 ± 7 yr) and 32 older women (62 ± 6 yr). As a result of the ST program, peak power (PP) increased significantly in both men and women at the same absolute (P < 0.001) and relative loads (P < 0.01). Men had a significantly greater increase in relative PP than women with ST at 60% (P < 0.01) and 70% (P < 0.001) of 1 RM when covarying for baseline differences and age. However, when each subject was tested at the same absolute load and when peak power was normalized for the muscle volume (MV) of the trained knee extensors (i.e., absolute muscle power quality, MPQ), women increased their MPQ by 9% (P < 0.05), whereas men did not change. Both men and women increased their absolute peak movement velocity (PV) (P < 0.001), but decreased their relative PV significantly with ST (P < 0.05). However, when baseline values and age were covaried, women had significantly less of a decrease in relative movement velocity quality with ST than men (P < 0.01), but this difference was too small to likely be physiologically meaningful. The absolute muscle power quality data suggest that ST-induced increases in peak power do not rely on muscular hypertrophy in women, but it does in men, providing further support for the hypothesis developed from our previous report (11), that improvements in muscle function with ST result from non-muscle mass adaptations to a greater extent in women than men.
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