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1 Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; The McDonald Research Laboratories/The iCAPTURE Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
2 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; The McDonald Research Laboratories/The iCAPTURE Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cseow{at}interchange.ubc.ca.
It has been shown that airway smooth muscle (ASM) in vitro is able to maintain active force over a large length range by adaptation in the absence of periodic stimulations at 4°C (Wang et al, J. Appl. Physiol. 90:734-740, 2001). Here we show that such adaptation also takes place at body temperature and that long-term adaptation results in irreversible functional change in the muscle that could lead to airway hyperresponsiveness. Rabbit tracheal muscle explants were passively maintained at shortened and in situ length for 3 and 7-8 days in culture media; the length-tension (L-T) relationship was then examined. The length associated with maximal force generation (Lmax) decreased by 10.5%±3.8 (SE) after 3 days and 37.7%±8.5 after 7 or 8 days of passive shortening. At day 3, the left-shift in the L-T curve due to adaptation at short lengths was reversible by re-adapting the muscle at a longer length. The shift was however not completely reversible after 7 days. The results suggest that long-term adaptation of ASM could lead to increased muscle stiffness and force generating ability at short lengths. Under in vivo condition this could translate into resistance to stretch-induced relaxation and excessive airway narrowing.
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