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J Appl Physiol (February 22, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01173.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print February 22, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.01173.2001
Submitted on November 28, 2001
Accepted on February 21, 2002

Ambient temperature for experiments in rats: a new method for determining the zone of thermal neutrality

Andrej A Romanovsky1*, Andrei I Ivanov1, and Yury P Shimansky2

1 Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
2 Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: aromano{at}chw.edu.

There is a misbelief that the same animal has the same thermoneutral zone (TNZ) in different experimental setups. In reality, the TNZ strongly depends on the physical environment and varies widely across setups. Current methods for determining the TNZ require elaborate equipment and can be applied only to a limited set of experimental conditions. A new, broadly applicable approach that rapidly determines whether given conditions are neutral for a given animal is needed. Consistent with the definition of TNZ [the range of ambient temperature (Ta) at which body core temperature (Tc) regulation is achieved only by control of sensible heat loss], we propose three criteria of thermoneutrality: 1) the presence of high-magnitude fluctuations in skin temperature (Tsk) of body parts serving as specialized heat exchangers with the environment (e.g., rat tail), 2) the closeness of Tsk to the median of its operational range, and 3) a strong negative correlation between Tsk and Tc. Thermocouple thermometry and liquid crystal thermography were performed in five rats strains at 13 Ta's. Under the conditions tested (no bedding or filter tops, no group thermoregulation), the Ta range of 29.5-30.5°C satisfied all three TNZ criteria in Wistar, BDIX, Long-Evans, and Zucker lean rats; Zucker fatty rats had a slightly lower TNZ (28.0-29.0°C). Skin thermometry or thermography is a definition-based, simple, and inexpensive technique to determine whether experimental or housing conditions are neutral, subneutral, or supraneutral for a given animal.




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