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J Appl Physiol (February 15, 2007). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01166.2006
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Submitted on October 16, 2006
Accepted on February 14, 2007

Peripheral impairments cause a progressive age-related loss of strength and velocity-dependent power in the dorsiflexors

Chris J McNeil1, Anthony A. Vandervoort2, and Charles L. Rice3*

1 Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
2 Department of Physical Therapy Room 1400, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
3 School of Kinesiology, and Dept. of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: crice{at}uwo.ca.

Muscle power is more functionally relevant than static muscle strength, particularly with aging. However, the effect of age on power derived from isotonic contractions has been studied sparingly, and not at all in subjects > 75 years of age. Thus, the purpose was to investigate the magnitude and causes of age-related losses in isotonic power among 13 young (26 years), 13 old (65 years), and 13 very old (84 years) men. Six different loads were employed to create velocity-torque and power-torque relationships. Dorsiflexor cross-sectional area was assessed via magnetic resonance imaging for the calculation of specific power. Electromyographic signals of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were recorded to assess agonist activation and antagonist co-activation, respectively. Despite similar contractile masses and levels of voluntary drive and antagonist co-activation, power was significantly impaired in the old versus young (~25%), and in the very old relative to both the young (~60%) and old (~40%). The novel results punctuate two important considerations for studies concerned with the effect of age on the neuromuscular system. First, the decreased ability of muscles from old men to produce power in the presence of reasonably well-preserved strength indicates the utility of studying isotonic contractions. Second, the precipitous decline in many measures between the 7th and 9th decades underscores the benefit of testing more than one group of aged subjects to improve our understanding of rates of change in key variables.




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