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1 Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
2 Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
3 Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: scgeorge{at}uci.edu.
Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) may be a useful marker of lung inflammation, but the concentration is highly dependent on exhalation flow rate due to a significant airway source. Current methods for partitioning pulmonary NO gas exchange into airway and alveolar regions utilize multiple exhalation flow rates, or a single breath maneuver with a pre-expiratory breathhold which is cumbersome for children and individuals with compromised lung function. Analysis of tidal breathing data has the potential to overcome these limitations, while still identifying region specific parameters. In six healthy adults, we utilized a three-compartment model (two airway compartments and one alveolar compartment) to identify two potential flow-independent parameters that represent the average volumetric airway flux (JawNO, pl.s-1)*, and the time-averaged alveolar concentration (Calv, ppb)*. Significant background noise and distortion of the signal from the sampling system were compensated for using a Gaussian wavelet filter and a series of convolution integrals. Mean values for JawNO* and Calv* were 2500 (2700) and 3.2 (3.4), respectively, and were strongly correlated with analogous parameters determined from vital capacity breathing maneuvers. Analysis of multiple tidal breaths significantly reduced the standard error of the parameter estimates relative to the single breath technique. Our initial assessment demonstrates the potential of utilizing tidal breathing for non-invasive characterization of pulmonary NO exchange dynamics. * SEE PDF ABSTRACT
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