Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (February 3, 2005). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01149.2004
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Submitted on October 12, 2004
Accepted on January 28, 2005

Practice reduces motor unit discharge variability in a hand muscle and improves manual dexterity in old adults

Kurt W. Kornatz1*, Evangelos A. Christou1, and Roger M. Enoka1

1 Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kornatz{at}asu.edu.

A steadiness-improving intervention was used to determine the contribution of variability in motor unit discharge rate to the fluctuations in index finger acceleration and manual dexterity in older adults. Ten healthy and sedentary old adults (72.9 ± 5.8 years; five men) participated in the study involving abduction of the left index finger. Single motor unit activity was recorded in the first dorsal interosseus muscle before, after two weeks of light-load training (10% maximal load), and after four weeks of heavy-load training (70% maximal load). As expected, the lightload training was effective in reducing the fluctuations in index finger acceleration during slow shortening (0.25 ± 0.12 to 0.13 ± 0.08 m/s2), and lengthening contractions (0.29 ± 0.10 to 0.14 ± 0.06 m/s2). Along with the decline in the magnitude of the fluctuations, there was a parallel decrease in the coefficient of variation for discharge rate during both contraction types (33.8 ± 6.8 to 25.0 ± 5.9 %). The heavy-load training did not further improve either the fluctuations in acceleration or discharge rate variability. Furthermore, the manual dexterity of the left hand improved significantly with training (Purdue Pegboard Test: 11 ± 3 to 14 ± 1 pegs). Bivariate correlations indicated that the reduction in fluctuations in motor output during shortening (r2 = 0.24) and lengthening (r2 = 0.14) contractions and improvement in manual dexterity (r2 = 0.26) was directly associated with a decline in motor unit discharge rate variability. There was a strong association between the fluctuations in motor output and manual dexterity (r2 = 0.56). These results indicate that practice of a simple finger task was accompanied by a reduction in the discharge rate variability of motor units, a decrease in the fluctuations in motor output of a hand muscle, and an improvement in the manual dexterity of older adults.




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