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1 Department of Pediatric, Cliniques St Luc, Brussels, Belgium
2 Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, and the, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: colan{at}alum.mit.edu.
Basic fluid dynamic principles were used to derive a theoretical model of optimum cardiovascular allometry, the relationship between somatic and cardiovascular growth. The validity of the predicted models was then tested against the size of 22 cardiovascular structures measured echocardiographically in 496 normal children aged 1 day to 20 years, including valves, pulmonary arteries, aorta and aortic branches, pulmonary veins, and left ventricular volume. BSA was found to be a more important determinant of the size of each of the cardiovascular structures than age, height, or weight alone. The observed vascular and valvar dimensions were in agreement with values predicted from the theoretical models. Vascular and valve diameters related linearly to the square root of BSA whereas valve and vascular areas related to BSA. The relationship between left ventricular volume and body size fit a complex model predicted by the non-linear decrease of heart rate with growth. Overall, the relationship between cardiac output and body size is the fundamental driving factor in cardiovascular allometry.
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