| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
2 Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Childrens National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
3 Henry Low Heart Center; Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
4 Henry Low Heart Center; Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
5 Child, Family and Community Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
6 Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
7 Department of Sport Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
8 School of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
9 Human Performance Laboratory, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
10 Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: clarkson{at}excsci.umass.edu.
The alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) gene encodes a protein of the Z-disk of myofibers, and it is estimated that a polymorphism of this gene results in complete loss of the protein in about 18% of most populations. The ACTN3 genotype (R577X) has been found to be associated with performance in Australian elite athletes, with sprinting performance associated with the 577R allele and endurance performance with the 577X allele (28). Here, we studied associations between ACTN3 genotype and muscle size and strength in a large group of men (N=247) and women (N=355) enrolled in a 12 wk standardized elbow flexor/extensor resistance training program of the non-dominant arm at one of eight study centers. Elbow flexor muscle strength and cross sectional area of the biceps brachii (MRI) were assessed before and after supervised resistance training. We found no association between ACTN3 R577X genotype and muscle strength or size in men. However, women homozygous for the ACTN3 577X allele had lower baseline MVC (isometric) strength compared with heterozygotes (p<0.05) when adjusted for body mass and age. Contrary to our original hypothesis, women homozygous for the mutant allele (577X) demonstrated greater absolute and relative gains compared to the homozygous wild type in one repetition maximum strength (1RM) following resistance training when adjusted for body mass and age (p<0.05). There was a trend for a dose-response with genotype such that gains were greatest for XX and least for RR. Significant associations were validated in at least one ethnic sub-population (Caucasians, Asians) and were independent of training volume over the 12 wk period. An analysis of variability attributable to genotype effects showed that ~2% of baseline MVC strength and of the 1RM strength gain after training was attributable to ACTN3 genotype (likelihood-ratio test p-value, p = 0.01), suggesting that ACTN3 is one of many genes contributing to genetic variation in muscle performance and adaptation to exercise.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Teran-Garcia, T. Rankinen, and C. Bouchard Genes, exercise, growth, and the sedentary, obese child J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2008; 105(3): 988 - 1001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. G. MacArthur, J. T. Seto, S. Chan, K. G.R. Quinlan, J. M. Raftery, N. Turner, M. D. Nicholson, A. J. Kee, E. C. Hardeman, P. W. Gunning, et al. An Actn3 knockout mouse provides mechanistic insights into the association between {alpha}-actinin-3 deficiency and human athletic performance Hum. Mol. Genet., April 15, 2008; 17(8): 1076 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Vincent, K. De Bock, M. Ramaekers, E. Van den Eede, M. Van Leemputte, P. Hespel, and M. A. Thomis ACTN3 (R577X) genotype is associated with fiber type distribution Physiol Genomics, December 19, 2007; 32(1): 58 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. D. Hand, M. C. Kostek, R. E. Ferrell, M. J. Delmonico, L. W. Douglass, S. M. Roth, J. M. Hagberg, and B. F. Hurley Influence of promoter region variants of insulin-like growth factor pathway genes on the strength-training response of muscle phenotypes in older adults J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1678 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Prior, S. M. Roth, X. Wang, C. Kammerer, I. Miljkovic-Gacic, C. H. Bunker, V. W. Wheeler, A. L. Patrick, and J. M. Zmuda Genetic and environmental influences on skeletal muscle phenotypes as a function of age and sex in large, multigenerational families of African heritage J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2007; 103(4): 1121 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Walsh, E. J. Metter, L. Ferrucci, and S. M. Roth Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype associations with muscle mass and strength in humans J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2007; 102(6): 2142 - 2148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Devaney, E. P. Hoffman, H. Gordish-Dressman, A. Kearns, E. Zambraski, and P. M. Clarkson IGF-II gene region polymorphisms related to exertional muscle damage J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2007; 102(5): 1815 - 1823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Delmonico, M. C. Kostek, N. A. Doldo, B. D. Hand, S. Walsh, J. M. Conway, C. R. Carignan, S. M. Roth, and B. F. Hurley Alpha-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X Polymorphism Influences Knee Extensor Peak Power Response to Strength Training in Older Men and Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2007; 62(2): 206 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Beunen and M Thomis Gene driven power athletes? Genetic variation in muscular strength and power. Br. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2006; 40(10): 822 - 823. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Clarkson, E. P. Hoffman, E. Zambraski, H. Gordish-Dressman, A. Kearns, M. Hubal, B. Harmon, and J. M. Devaney ACTN3 and MLCK genotype associations with exertional muscle damage J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2005; 99(2): 564 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
