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and Myostatin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
1 Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
2 Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmcderm{at}yorku.ca.
The superfamily of transforming growth factor
(TGF-
) cytokines has been shown to have profound effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth. Recently, there have been major advances in our understanding of the signaling pathway(s) conveying TGF-
signals to the nucleus to ultimately control gene expression. One tissue that is potently influenced by TGF-
superfamily signaling is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle ontogeny and post-natal physiology have proven to be exquisitely sensitive to the TGF-
superfamily cytokine milieu in various animal systems from mice to humans. Recently, major strides have been made in understanding the role of TGF-
and its closely related family member, myostatin, in these processes. In this overview, we will review recent advances in our understanding of the TGF-
and myostatin signaling pathways and, in particular, focus on the implications of this signaling pathway for skeletal muscle development, physiology, and pathology.
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