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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print December 7, 2001
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.01079.2000
Submitted on November 13, 2000
Accepted on December 4, 2001
1 Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
2 Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Physiology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
3 Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
4 Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
5 Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
6 Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: trferoah{at}mcw.edu.
The effects of spontaneous swallows on breathing prior to, during, and after solitary swallows were investigated in 13 awake goats. Inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) time and respiratory output (VT and DIAPeak) were determined from inspiratory airflow and peak diaphragmatic activity. The onset time for 1,128 swallows was determined from pharyngeal muscle electrical activity. During inspiration, the later the swallowing onset, the greater increase in TI and VT while there was no significant effect on TE and DIAPeak. Swallows in early expiration increased the preceding TI, reduced TE, while later in expiration, swallows increased TE. Following expiratory swallows, TI and VT were reduced while minimal changes in DIAPeak were observed. Phase response analysis revealed a within-breath, phase-dependent effect of swallowing on breathing, resulting in a resetting of the respiratory oscillator. However, the shift in timing in the breaths following a swallow was not parallel, further demonstrating a respiratory phase-dependent effect on breathing. We conclude that in the awake state, within and multiple breaths effects on respiratory timing and output are induced/required in the coordination of breathing and swallowing.
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