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J Appl Physiol (October 6, 2005). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01069.2005
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Submitted on September 1, 2005
Accepted on September 20, 2005

Long-term enhancement of pulmonary gas exchange following high altitude residence during maturation

Paul McDonough1, D. Merrill Dane1, Connie C.W. Hsia1*, Cuneyt Yilmaz1, and Robert L. Johnson, Jr.1

1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: connie.hsia{at}utsouthwestern.edu.

In a previous study we showed that young dogs born at sea level (SL) and raised from 2.5 mo of age to beyond somatic maturity at a high altitude (HA) of 3,100m show enhanced resting lung function (Johnson et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 59:1773-1782, 1985). To examine if HA-induced adaptation improves pulmonary gas exchange during exercise and if adaptation is reversible when animals return to SL prior to somatic maturity, we raised 2.5 mo old foxhounds at HA (3,800m) for 5 mo (to age 7.5 mo) before returning to sea level (SL). Lung function was measured under anesthesia 1 mo and 2 yr following return to SL and during exercise ~1 year following return. In animals exposed to HA relative to simultaneous litter-matched SL controls, resting circulating blood and erythrocyte volumes, lung volumes, septal volume estimated by a rebreathing technique and lung tissue volume estimated by high resolution CT scan were persistently higher. Lung diffusing capacity, membrane diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume estimated at a given cardiac output were significantly higher in animals exposed to HA while maximal oxygen uptake and hematocrit were similar between groups. We conclude that relatively short exposure to HA during somatic maturation improves long-term lung function into adulthood.




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