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J Appl Physiol (December 12, 2003). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01064.2003
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Submitted on October 1, 2003
Accepted on December 2, 2003

Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes following two hours of intensive resistance training

David C Nieman1*, J. M Davis2, Victor A Brown1, Dru A Henson1, Charles L Dumke1, Alan C Utter1, Debra M Vinci1, Margaret F Downs1, Jason C Smith1, James Carson2, Adrienne Brown2, Steve R McAnulty1, and Lisa S McAnulty1

1 Departments of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science; Biology; Family and Consumer Sciences, Fischer Hamilton/Nycom Biochemistry Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
2 Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: niemandc{at}appstate.edu.

Thirty strength-trained subjects were randomized to carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (PLA) groups and lifted weights for 2 h (10 exercises, 4 sets each, 10 repetitions, with 2-3 minute rest intervals). Subjects received 10 ml.kg-1.h-1 CHO (6%) or PLA beverages during the weight training bout. Blood, saliva, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Blood cell counts were determined, and plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-8, and cortisol. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines (IL-1{alpha}, IL-1{beta}, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, IFN-{gamma}, TNF-{alpha}) using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Significant but modest increases were measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but the pattern of increase did not differ between CHO and PLA groups. The rate of decrease in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and PLA (P=0.463). Muscle cytokine mRNA was detected pre-exercise for IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, and TNF-{alpha}, and of these, IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-{alpha} were significantly increased after the 2 h weight training bout. The increase in mRNA (fold difference from pre-exercise) did not differ between CHO and PLA groups. In summary, CHO vs. PLA ingestion did not alter modest increases measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, and muscle gene expression for IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-{alpha} in strength-trained subjects lifting weights intensively for 2 h.




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