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J Appl Physiol (December 20, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01061.2002
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Submitted on November 18, 2002
Accepted on December 12, 2002

Reduced amount of mitochondrial DNA in aged human muscle

Stephen Welle1*, Kirti Bhatt2, Bharati Shah2, Nancy Needler2, Joseph M Delehanty2, and Charles A Thornton3

1 Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
2 Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
3 Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stephen_welle{at}urmc.rochester.edu.

Muscle concentrations of mRNAs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) decline with aging. To determine if this can be explained by diminished mtDNA levels, we measured the relative concentrations of mtDNA and a representative mtDNA transcript (encoding cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 2, COX2) in muscle of young (21-27 yr) and older subjects (65-75 yr). The amount of COX2 mRNA (relative to 28S rRNA) was 22% lower (P = 0.04) in older muscle, and the amount of mtDNA (relative to nuclear DNA) was 38% lower (P = 0.0002). The average level of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), a protein essential for mtDNA replication, was similar in younger and older muscle. Tfam mRNA, nuclear respiratory factor-1 mRNA, and several mRNAs encoding proteins required for mtDNA replication were expressed at similar levels in younger and older muscle. The mtDNA concentrations were only weakly related to age-adjusted aerobic fitness (VO2max) and self-reported physical activity levels. We conclude that the lower concentration of mitochondrial mRNAs in older muscle can be explained by a reduced concentration of mtDNA.




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