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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print December 21, 2001
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.01055.2001
Submitted on October 19, 2001
Accepted on December 12, 2001
1 Kinesiology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
2 Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fpizza{at}pop3.utoledo.edu.
We tested the hypotheses that lengthening contractions, isometric contractions, and passive stretches increase muscle inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and that prior conditioning with lengthening contractions, isometric contractions or passive stretches reduces neutrophils and macrophages following subsequent lengthening contractions. Extensor digitorum longus muscles in anesthetized mice were subjected in situ to lengthening contractions, isometric contractions, or passive stretches. Six hours or three days following a protocol of contractions or passive stretches, neutrophils and macrophages were quantified in muscle cross sections. Three days following isometric contractions or passive stretches neutrophils were elevated (p<0.05) by 3.7 and 5.5 fold, respectively relative to controls. Both macrophages and neutrophils were increased by 51.2 and 7.9 fold, respectively after lengthening contractions. Prior lengthening contractions, isometric contractions or passive stretches reduced inflammatory cells after lengthening contractions performed 2 weeks later. The major finding of this study was that passive stretches and isometric contractions elevated neutrophils without causing overt signs of injury. Because both passive stretches and isometric contractions elevated neutrophils and afforded some protection from contraction-induced muscle injury, neutrophils and/or the related inflammatory events may contribute to the induction of a protective mechanism.
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