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1 Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiobiology Program, Loma Linda University & Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University & Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
2 Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiobiology Program, Loma Linda University & Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
3 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
4 Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
5 Department of Aerospace Engineering, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
6 Department of Aerospace Engineering, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dgridley{at}dominion.llumc.edu.
This portion of the study quantified the effects of a 12-day space shuttle mission (STS-108/UF-1) on body and lymphoid organ masses, activation marker expression, cytokine secretion, and erythrocyte and thrombocyte characteristics in C57BL/6 mice. Animals in flight (FLT group) had 10-12% lower body mass compared to ground controls housed in either Animal Enclosure Modules (AEM) or under standard vivarium (VIV) conditions (P<0.001) and the smallest thymus and spleen masses. Percentages of CD25+ lymphocytes, CD3+/CD25+ T cells, and NK1.1+/CD25+ NK cells from FLT mice were higher compared to both controls (P<0.05). In contrast, CD71 expression was depressed in the FLT and AEM mice compared to VIV animals (P<0.001). Secretion of interferon-
, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4, but not tumor necrosis factor-
and IL-5, by splenocytes from FLT mice was decreased relative to either one or both ground controls (P<0.05). FLT mice also had high red blood cell and thrombocyte counts compared to both sets of controls; low RBC volume and distribution width, percentage of reticulocytes, and platelet volume were also noted (P<0.05) and were consistent with dehydration. These data indicate that relatively short exposure to the spaceflight environment can induce profound changes that may become significant during long-term space missions.
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