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1 Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiobiology Program, Loma Linda University & Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
3 Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
4 Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
5 Department of Aerospace Engineering, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
6 Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiobiology Program, Loma Linda University & Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University & Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mpecaut{at}dominion.llumc.edu.
There are several aspects of the spaceflight environment which may lead to changes in immunity: mission-related psychological stress, radiation, and changes in gravity. On December 5th, 2001, the Space Shuttle Endeavor launched for a 12-day mission to examine these effects on C57BL/6 mice for the first time. Upon their return, assays were performed on the spleen, blood, and bone marrow. In response to flight, there were no significant differences in the general circulating leukocyte proportions. In contrast, there was an increase in splenic lymphocyte percentages, with a corresponding decrease in granulocytes. There was an overall shift in splenic lymphocytes away from T cells toward B cells, and a decrease in the CD4:CD8 ratios due to a decrease in T helpers. In contrast, there were proportional increases in bone marrow T cells, with decreases in B cells. Although the blast percentage and count were decreased in FLT mice, the CD34+ population was increased. The data was more consistent with a shift in bone marrow populations rather than a response to changes in the periphery. Many of the results are similar to those using other models. Clearly, spaceflight can influence immune parameters ranging from hematopoiesis to mature leukocyte mechanisms.
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