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1 School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
2 School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brevis{at}cyllene.uwa.du.au.
Measuring peripheral resistance and conduit arterial structure in humans using Doppler ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to establish valid indices of conduit and resistance vessel structure in humans using edge-detection and wall tracking of high resolution B-mode arterial ultrasound images, combined with synchronized Doppler waveform envelope analysis, to calculate conduit artery blood flow (BF) and diameter continuously across the cardiac cycle. Nine subjects aged 36.7(9.2)yrs underwent, on separate days, assessment of brachial artery blood flow and diameter response to 5, 10 and 15 minute periods of forearm ischemia in the presence and absence of combined sub-lingual nitroglycerine (GTN) administration. Two further sessions examined responses to ischemic exercise, one in combination with GTN. The peak brachial artery diameter response (BADpeak) was observed in response to the combination of ischemic exercise and GTN; a significant difference existed between resting brachial artery diameter and BADpeak, indicating that resting diameter may be a poor measure of conduit vessel structure in vivo. Peak brachial artery flow (BAFpeak) was also observed in response to a combination of forearm ischemia exercise and GTN administration, the response being greater than that induced by periods of ischemia, GTN or ischemic exercise alone. These data indicate that non-invasive indices of conduit and resistance vessel structure can be simultaneously determined in vivo in response to a single, brief, stimulus and that caution should be applied in using resting arterial diameter as a surrogate measure of conduit artery structure in vivo.
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