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1 University of Missouri, United States; University of Missouri, United States
2 Nutritional Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States; Research, Harry S. Truman VA Hospital, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, 65211, United States
3 Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: boothf{at}missouri.edu.
Previously, inducing inactivity for 53 hours after 21 days of voluntary running resulted in a 25% and 48% increase in epididymal and omental fat pad weights, respectively, while rats continued to eat more than a group that never had access to a running wheel. We wanted to test the hypothesis that inactivity, independent of excessive caloric intake, could induce an increase in fat-pad mass. 21-day old rats were given access to voluntary running wheels for 42-43 days so that they were running ~9 km/day in the last week of running, after which wheels were locked for 5, 53, or 173 hours (WL5, WL53, WL173) prior to sacrifice. During the 53 and 173 hours of inactivity, one group of animals was pair fed (PF) to match sedentary controls while the other continued to eat ad libitum (AL). Epididymal and retroperitoneal fat masses were significantly increased in the WL173PF versus WL5 group, while epididymal, perirenal, and retroperitoneal fat masses where all significantly increased in the WL173AL group compared WL5 group. Additionally, hyperplasia, and not hypertrophy, of the epididymal fat mass was responsible for the increase at WL173AL as demonstrated by a significant increase in cell number versus WL5, with no change in cell diameter or volume. Thus, two important findings have been elucidated: 1) Increases in measured abdominal fat masses occur in both ad libitum- and pair-fed groups at WL173, and 2) adipocyte expansion via hyperplasia occurred with an ad libitum diet following cessation of voluntary running.
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