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1 Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
2 Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
3 Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
4 Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
5 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m-matsuda{at}taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Endothelial function deteriorates with aging. On the other hand, exercise training produces an improvement in the function of vascular endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent constrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells, and therefore has been implicated in the regulation of vascular tonus and the progression of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that the plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly higher in middle-aged humans compared with young humans, and recently showed that the plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly decreased by aerobic exercise training in healthy young humans. We hypothesized that plasma ET-1 concentration increases with age even in healthy adults, and that lifestyle modification (i.e., exercise) can reduce plasma ET-1 concentration in previous sedentary older adults. We measured plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy young women (21 to 28 years old), healthy middle-aged women (31 to 47 years old), and healthy older women (61 to 69 years old). Plasma level of ET-1 significantly increased with aging (young women: 1.02 ± 0.08, middle-aged women: 1.33 ± 0.11, older women: 2.90 ± 0.20 pg/mL). Thus, the plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy older women was markedly higher than that in healthy young women or healthy middle-aged women (by about 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively). In healthy older women, we also measured plasma ET-1 concentration after 3 months of aerobic exercise (cycling on a leg ergometer at 80% ventilatory threshold for 30 min, 5 days/week). Regular exercise significantly decreased plasma ET-1 concentration in the healthy older subjects (2.22 ± 0.16 pg/mL, p<0.01) and also significantly reduced their blood pressure. The present study suggests that regular aerobic-endurance exercise reduces plasma ET-1 concentration in older humans, which may produce beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e., prevention of progression of hypertension and/or atherosclerosis by endogenous ET-1).
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