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1 Metabolic Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
2 Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
3 Metabolic Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: john.hawley{at}rmit.edu.au.
We determined the interaction of diet and exercise-training intensity on membrane phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle from 36 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomly divided into one of two dietary conditions; high-carbohydrate (CHO; 64.0% carbohydrate E, n=18) or high-fat (FAT; 78.1% fat E, n=18). Rats in each diet condition were then allocated to one of three subgroups: control, that performed no exercise-training (NT); low-intensity (8 m.min-1) treadmill run training (LOW); or high-intensity (28 m.min-1) run training (VMAX). All exercise-trained rats ran 1,000m. session-1, 4 d.wk-1 for 8 wk and were sacrificed 48 h after the last training bout. Membrane phospholipids were extracted and FA composition was determined in the red (RVL) and white vastus lateralis (WVL) muscles. Diet exerted a major influence on phospholipid FA composition, with the FAT diet being associated with a significantly (P<0.01) elevated ratio of n-6/n-3 FA for both RVL (2.7-3.2 vs. 1.0-1.1) and WVL (2.5-2.9 vs. 1.2). In contrast, alterations in FA composition as a result of either exercise-training protocol were only minor in comparison. We conclude that under the present experimental conditions, a change in the macro-nutrient content of the diet was a more potent modulator of skeletal muscle membrane phospholipid FA composition compared with either low- or high-intensity treadmill exercise training.
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