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1 Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
2 Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
3 Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
4 Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
5 Biometrics Program, Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
6 Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: benhur{at}umd.edu.
The influence of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) genotype on total body fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength, and sustained power (SP) was evaluated repeatedly at approximately 2-year intervals in two cohorts from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Cohort 1 comprised 94 men tested for isometric grip strength and SP. Cohort 2 comprised 246 men and 239 women tested for total body FFM and isokinetic peak torque (PT). Subjects were retrospectively genotyped for the IGF2 gene's ApaI polymorphism. Differences between genotype groups for total FFM, strength, and SP at first visit, at peak age (35 yr), at age 65, and across the adult age span were analyzed using either two-sample t-tests or mixed effects models, depending on the specific comparisons made. Isokinetic arm strength (arm PTS) at the time of first visit was lower in A/A men than in G/G men (P < 0.05). Compared to G/G women, A/A women had lower total body FFM, lower isokinetic arm (PTS and PTL) and leg (PTS) strength at the time of first visit, and lower values at age 35 (all P < 0.05) for these muscle phenotypes. Furthermore, this difference between the genotype groups was maintained at age 65 and across the adult age span (P < 0.05). No genotype-associated differences in rates of loss of grip strength or SP were found in cohort 1. These results from cohort 2 support the hypothesis that variation within a gene known to influence developing muscle affects muscle mass and muscle function in later life.
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