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1 Sports Medicine Institute International, Palo Alto, California, USA
2 Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia
3 Sports Science, United Sates Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
4 Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
5 Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: BenjaminLevine{at}texashealth.org.
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that intermittent normobaric hypoxia at rest is a sufficient stimulus to elicit changes in physiological measures associated with improved performance in highly trained distance runners. METHODS: Fourteen national class distance runners completed a four week regimen (5:5 minute hypoxic:normoxic ratio for 70 minutes, 5 times per week) of either intermittent normobaric hypoxia (HYP) or placebo control (NORM) at rest. The experimental group was exposed to a graded decline in the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) (week 1: = 0.12, week 2: = 0.11, weeks 3 and 4: = 0.10). The placebo control group was exposed to the same temporal regimen, but breathed an FIO2= 0.209 for the entire four weeks. Subjects were matched for training history, gender, and baseline measures of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and 3000 m time trial (3000TT) performance in a randomized, balanced, double-blind design. These measures, along with submaximal treadmill performance (economy, heart rate, lactate, ventilation) were made in duplicate prior to the intervention as well as one and three weeks post. Hematological indices including serum concentrations of erythropoietin (EPO), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfr) and reticulocyte parameters (flow cytometry) were made twice before, on days 1, 5, 10 and 19 of the intervention and 10 and 25 days post. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in VO2max, 3000TT, EPO, sTfr or reticulocyte parameters between groups at any time. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of a 5:5 minute normobaric hypoxia exposure at rest for 70 minutes, 5 days per week is not a sufficient stimulus to elicit improved performance, nor change the normal level of erythropoiesis in highly trained runners.
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