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J Appl Physiol (October 19, 2001). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00953.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print October 19, 2001
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00953.2001
Submitted on September 17, 2001
Accepted on October 18, 2001

Development of sex differences in the rabbit masseter muscle is not restricted to a critical period

Arthur W English1* and Gail Schwartz1

1 Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: art{at}cellbio.emory.edu.

The proportions of muscle fibers of different phenotype in the adult rabbit masseter differ greatly in different sexes. These sex differences are not apparent in young adults, but arise under the influence of testosterone in the males. We examined whether this switch occurred during a critical period of postnatal development. Testosterone was administered to young adults one, two or four months after castration, and also to adult females. Samples of masseter muscle were taken at four monthly intervals after the onset of treatment and examined for the expression of different myosin heavy chain isoforms using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Despite the length of androgen deprivation, treatment with testosterone produced a marked MyHC isoform switch from {alpha}-slow/ß to IIa. This male proportion of fibers of different phenotype persisted well beyond the return of serum testosterone levels to pre-treatment levels. Thus brief exposure to testosterone produces a permanent change in the proportions of masseter muscle fibers of different phenotypes and the capacity for this change is not restricted to a critical period.




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