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J Appl Physiol (April 19, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00951.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print April 19, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00951.2001
Submitted on September 14, 2001
Accepted on April 16, 2002

State and chemical drive modulate respiratory variability

Brett F BuSha1 and Martha H Stella1*

1 Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brett.bu.sha{at}dartmouth.edu.

The quantification of respiratory variability may provide insight into the integrative control of breathing. To test the hypothesis that sleep and/or increased chemical drive modifies respiratory variability, 6 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with diaphragm EMG electrodes and exposed to 0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% CO2 with a balance of room air during wakefulness and behaviorally determined sleep. Respiratory interval (Ttot), peak diaphragm EMG (Peak EMG) and ventilation index (VI, Peak EMG/Ttot) were calculated for 1024 sequential breaths. The variability of breathing was quantified with a measurement of signal complexity, the approximate entropy (ApEn), and two autocorrelation measurements, the autoregressive power spectrum slope (ARs), and the detrended fluctuation analysis slope (DFAs). Elevated chemical drive and/or sleep significantly modulated the variability of VI and Ttot. There were also significant interactions between state and CO2 drive in all respiratory parameters. We conclude that state (sleep or wakefulness) and increased chemical drive differentially affect respiratory variability.




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