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1 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jjmcca2{at}uky.edu.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly-conserved, non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. A small number of muscle-specific miRNAs have been identified and shown to have a role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation as well as embryonic muscle growth. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the expression level of the muscle-specific miRNAs in the soleus and plantaris muscles and if their expression in the plantaris was altered in response to functional overload. Of the miRNAs examined, only miRNA-206 was differentially expressed between soleus and plantaris muscles as reflected by the 7-fold higher expression in the soleus for both the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) and mature miRNA (miR). Following seven days of functional overload, transcript levels for both pri-miRNA-1-2 and pri-miRNA-133a-2 increased by ~2-fold while pri-miRNA-206 levels were elevated 18.3-fold. In contrast, expression of miR-1 and miR-133a were down-regulated by ~50% following overload. The discrepancy between pri-miRNA and miR expression following overload was not explained by a change in the expression of components of the miRNA biogenesis pathway as Drosha and Exportin-5 transcript levels were significantly increased by 50% in response to functional overload whereas Dicer expression remained unchanged. These results are the first to report alterations in expression of muscle-specific miRNAs in adult skeletal muscle and suggest miRNAs may have a role in the adaptation to functional overload.
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